Appendix B — Built-In Functions

The following table provides a comprehensive list of the built-in function included in Python. An online version of this list with clickable definitions to the functions is available here.

Table B.1: The built-in functions in Python and what they do

Function	Description
`abs()`	Returns the absolute value of a number
`all()`	Returns `True` if all items in an iterable object are `True`
`any()`	Returns `True` if any item in an iterable object is `True`
`ascii()`	Returns a readable version of an object
`bin()`	Returns the binary version of a number
`bool()`	Returns the boolean value of the specified object
`bytearray()`	Returns an array of bytes
`bytes()`	Returns a bytes object
`callable()`	Returns `True` if the specified object is callable, otherwise `False`
`chr()`	Returns a character from the specified Unicode code.
`classmethod()`	Converts a method into a class method
`compile()`	Returns the specified source as an object, ready to be executed
`complex()`	Returns a complex number
`delattr()`	Deletes the specified attribute (property or method) from the specified object
`dict()`	Returns a dictionary (`dict`)
`dir()`	Returns a `list` of the specified object’s properties and methods
`divmod()`	Returns the quotient and the remainder when argument1 is divided by argument2
`enumerate()`	Takes a collection (e.g. a `tuple`) and returns it as an enumerate object
`eval()`	Evaluates and executes an expression
`exec()`	Executes the specified code (or object)
`filter()`	Use a filter function to exclude items in an iterable object
`float()`	Returns a floating point number
`format()`	Formats a specified value
`frozenset()`	Returns a frozenset object
`getattr()`	Returns the value of the specified attribute (property or method)
`globals()`	Returns the current global symbol table as a dictionary
`hasattr()`	Returns `True` if the specified object has the specified attribute
`hash()`	Returns the hash value of a specified object
`help()`	Executes the built-in help system
`hex()`	Converts a number into a hexadecimal value
`id()`	Returns the id of an object
`input()`	Allowing user input
`int()`	Returns an integer number
`isinstance()`	Returns `True` if a specified object is an instance of a specified object
`issubclass()`	Returns `True` if a specified class is a subclass of a specified object
`iter()`	Returns an iterator object
`len()`	Returns the length of an object
`list()`	Returns a `list`
`locals()`	Returns an updated dictionary of the current local symbol table
`map()`	Returns the specified iterator with the specified function applied to each item
`max()`	Returns the largest item in an iterable
`memoryview()`	Returns a memory view object
`min()`	Returns the smallest item in an iterable
`next()`	Returns the next item in an iterable
`object()`	Returns a new object
`oct()`	Converts a number into an octal
`open()`	Opens a file and returns a file object
`ord()`	Convert an integer representing the Unicode of the specified character
`pow()`	Returns the value of x to the power of y
`print()`	Prints to the standard output device
`property()`	Gets, sets, deletes a property
`range()`	Returns a sequence of numbers, starting from 0 and increments by 1 (by default)
`repr()`	Returns a readable version of an object
`reversed()`	Returns a reversed iterator
`round()`	Rounds a numbers
`set()`	Returns a new `set` object
`setattr()`	Sets an attribute (property/method) of an object
`slice()`	Returns a slice object
`sorted()`	Returns a sorted list
`staticmethod()`	Converts a method into a static method
`str()`	Returns a string object
`sum()`	Sums the items of an iterator
`super()`	Returns an object that represents the parent class
`tuple()`	Returns a `tuple`
`type()`	Returns the type of an object
`vars()`	Returns the dict property of an object
`zip()`	Returns an iterator, from two or more iterators